Africa Investigation Resources

(In order of access sequence:)

1. Asadu, C. (2025, January 29). 3 coup-hit West African nations formally leave ECOWAS in an unprecedented disintegration. The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ecowas-ap-niger-mali-burkina-faso-b2688169.html
2. Kallmer, B. (2024, May 14). Standing Up to Africa’s Juntas | Journal of Democracy. Journal of Democracy. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/online-exclusive/standing-up-to-africas-juntas/
3. Alliance Sahel. (2026, February 6). The Sahel Alliance, international coordination platform. https://www.alliance-sahel.org/en/sahel-alliance/
4. Kaitlyn Rabe Lecturer in Geopolitics, The Ohio State University. (2026, June 18). Western troops have been expelled from Africa’s Sahel so why are Italy’s Carabinieri still there? Insight News. https://www.insightnews.com/news/western-troops-have-been-expelled-from-africa-s-sahel-so-why-are-italy-s-carabinieri/article_eee60508-bc7d-498d-b4e1-b3ce36b453dc.html
5. Mapping History : From Colony to Independence – Africa under Colonial rule. (n.d.). https://mappinghistory.uoregon.edu/english/AF/AF01-03.html
6. Msika, N. U. (2026, February 13). The message communicated to African regionalisation following the creation of the Alliance of Sahel States-AES – AfricanLegalstudies.blog. https://africanlegalstudies.blog/2026/02/13/the-message-communicated-to-african-regionalisation-following-the-creation-of-the-alliance-of-sahel-states-aes/
7. Doukhan, D. (2026, May 19). Chaos in the Sahel: After Mali, is it Burkina Faso and Niger’s turn? ICT. https://ict.org.il/chaos-in-the-sahel-after-mali/
8. Map of North Africa in 1453 | TimeMaps. (2024, July 29). TimeMaps. https://timemaps.com/history/north-africa-1453ad/
9. Institute for Economics & Peace. (2026, June 8). Global Peace Index – Institute for Economics & Peace. https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/
10. Abdourahamane Tchiani. (2023, July 28). CIDOB,. https://www.cidob.org/lider-politico/abdourahamane-tchiani
11. Zuber, D. (2025, July 18). Abdourahamane Tchiani (1960? – ). BlackPast.org. https://blackpast.org/global-african-history/abdourahamane-tchiani-1960/
12. Assimi Goïta. (2021, May 26). CIDOB,. https://www.cidob.org/lider-politico/assimi-goita
13. Ibrahim Traoré. (2022, September 30). CIDOB,. https://www.cidob.org/lider-politico/ibrahim-traore
14. Jihadism in North Africa: A ‘Resilient’ Threat in Times of Global Crises. (2023, June). Italian Institute for International Political Studies. https://www.ispionline.it/en/publication/jihadism-in-north-africa-a-resilient-threat-in-times-of-global-crises-132039
15. Kant, Immanuel. 1998. Critique of Pure Reason. Originally published in 1781/1787. Translated by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
16. Uriegas, J. a. S., López-Vallejo, M., Ramírez, A. S. O., & Flores, R. V. (2021). Teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales en el siglo XXI: Interpretaciones críticas desde México y América Latina. CIDE.